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black paintings
The ''Black Paintings'' (Spanish: ''Pinturas negras'') is the name given to a group of fourteen paintings by Francisco Goya from the later years of his life, likely between 1819 and 1823. They portray intense, haunting themes, reflective of both his fear of insanity and his bleak outlook on humanity. In 1819, at the age of 72, Goya moved into a two-story house outside Madrid that was called ''Quinta del Sordo'' (''Deaf Man's Villa''). Although the house had been named after the previous owner, who was deaf, Goya too was nearly deaf at the time as a result of an illness he had suffered when he was 46. The paintings originally were painted as murals on the walls of the house, later being "hacked off the walls and attached to canvas."〔''New York Times,'' ("The Secret of the Black Paintings," ) July 27, 2003〕 Currently they are held in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.
After the Napoleonic Wars and the internal turmoil of the changing Spanish government, Goya developed an embittered attitude toward mankind. He had a first-hand and acute awareness of panic, terror, fear and hysteria. He had survived two near-fatal illnesses, and grew increasingly anxious and impatient in fear of relapse. The combination of these factors is thought to have led to his production of the fourteen works known collectively as the ''Black Paintings''.
Using oil paints and working directly on the walls of his dining and sitting rooms, Goya created works with dark, disturbing themes. The paintings were not commissioned and were not meant to leave his home. It is likely that the artist never intended the works for public exhibition: "...these paintings are as close to being hermetically private as any that have ever been produced in the history of Western art."〔Licht, 159〕
Goya did not give titles to the paintings, or if he did, he never revealed them. Most names used for them are designations employed by art historians.〔Licht, 168〕 Initially, they were catalogued in 1828 by Goya’s friend, Antonio Brugada.〔There have been a number of suggestions for the names of these paintings. The earliest came from the inventory of the painter’s assets made by Antonio Brugada after Goya’s death.〕 The series is made up of the following pictures: ''Atropos (The Fates)'' (''Átropos/Las Parcas''), ''Two Old Men'' (''Dos viejos/Un viejo y un fraile''), ''Two Old Men Eating Soup'' (''Dos viejos comiendo sopa''), ''Fight with Cudgels'' (''Duelo a garrotazos/La riña''), ''Witches' Sabbath'' (''Aquelarre/El Gran Cabrón''), ''Men Reading'' (''Hombres leyendo''), ''Judith and Holofernes'' (''Judith y Holofernes''), ''A Pilgrimage to San Isidro'' (''La romería de San Isidro''), ''Women Laughing'' (''Mujeres riendo''), ''Procession of the Holy Office'' (''Peregrinación a la fuente de San Isidro/Procesión del Santo Oficio''), ''The Dog'' (''Perro semihundido/El perro''), ''Saturn Devouring His Son'' (''Saturno devorando a un hijo''), ''La Leocadia'' (''Una manola: doña Leocadia Zorrilla''), and ''Fantastic Vision'' (''Visión fantástica/Asmodea'').
== Images of the ''Black Paintings'' ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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